By M. Han, X. S. Tai
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Additional info for Advanced Research in Civil Engineering, Materials, Machinery and Applied Technologies
Sample text
The stiffness matrix of scissor-link foldable structures was derived and incorporated into a standard stiffness method by Kaveh[5]. Applications in space structures and nonconventional structures have extensively stimulated research on the mechanics and design of large flexible space structures [6]. Rolling Bridge designed by Thomas Heatherswick(Fig. 1) takes on an arch form but it requires 14 actuators[7]; its complexity and weight make it poorly suited for larger spans or heavier loads. However, deployable bridge seldom appears in civil engineering.
During early loading of members, the concrete in tensile zone of pile caps takes part in tension, the actions of flexural slab and spatial truss exist together. With the increase of loading, the tensile zone cracks, the depth and width of cracks increase gradually and they grow in number also, this fact leads to form an obvious structural system of spatial truss, in which 2 shear-compression zones (I and III) and a split zone (II) produce and the stresses in every zone increase with loading. (2) producing and developing stage of diagonal crack(s).
Under this loading, in S3, normal to this cracked position(s) and up to the Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 730 41 reinforcing mesh in the 2nd layer, the steel stress increments increased suddenly to exceed those in the other layers, accompanying with this phenomenon, the deflection increment at pile cap center increased also suddenly. Failure procedure was: on pile cap bottom, at the root of 2 edge piles, there occurred cracks ⑤ ⑥ towards the cantalever ends, then under the same loading , the other cracks ⑦-⑩ occurred at the roots of 4 corner piles, these cracks extended and ran through quickly, appearing obviously staggered with concrete clastic peeled off; at the same time, on the tops of S1and S2, there occurred cracks propagating from column edges along direction x, but in S3, this crack was not been observed.